Schwertz H, Tolley ND, Foulks JM, Denis MM, Risenmay BW, Buerke M, et al. Serotonin enhances megakaryopoiesis and proplatelet formation via p-Erk1/2 and F-actin reorganization. Ye JY, Liang EY, Cheng YS, Chan GC, Ding Y, Meng F, et al. Three-stage ex vivo expansion of high-ploidy megakaryocytic cells: toward large-scale platelet production. Panuganti S, Schlinker AC, Lindholm PF, Papoutsakis ET, Miller WM. Milestones in understanding platelet production: a historical overview. The discovery of platelets and their function. In combination, these properties argue in favor of allowing platelets the title of immune cells.Ĭell biology cell physiology cytokines hemostasis immunopathology immunophysiology platelets. Due to the lack of a nucleus, any major changes in mRNA and protein. The question has also arisen as to whether platelets can present antigen via their abundantly expressed MHC class I molecules. Platelets are anucleated cell fragments that come from their precursor the megakaryocyte. However, platelets can use a complete signalosome (apart from the last transcription step, though it is likely that this step can be circumvented by retrotranscribing RNA messages).
#Platelets are cell fragments. license#
Does assistance to immune cells itself suffice to license a cell as an "immune cell"? Platelets prove capable of sensing different types of signals and organizing an appropriate response.
Platelets have now entered the field of immunity as inflammatory cells. This view prevailed until it became evident that platelets play a role in homeostasis and interact with cells other than with vascular endothelial cells then began the era of physiological and also pathological inflammation. Actually, platelets possess almost every characteristic of cells, apart from being capable of organizing their genes: they have neither a nucleus nor genes. The extracellular matrix, called plasma, makes blood unique among connective tissues because it is fluid. Some gladly categorized platelets as cells but they were certainly not fully licensed as such for cell physiologists. The cellular elementsreferred to as the formed elements include red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and cell fragments called platelets. As early as 1930s, platelets entered the arsenal of medicines were transfused, and were soon manipulated to become a kind of glue to repair damaged tissues. The enlightened face showed that besides hemostasis, platelets contained factors involved in healing. As such, however, they were acknowledged as immunizing (to specific HPA and HLA markers): the platelet's dark face. For long, platelets have been considered sticky assistants of hemostasis and pollutants of blood or tissue samples they were just cell fragments. Wright, at the beginning of the twentieth century, identified their bone-marrow origin. Small fragments circulating in the blood were formally identified by the end of the nineteenth century, and it was suggested that they assisted coagulation via interactions with vessel endothelia.
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